Research NoteDESK/ELECTIONS_DESK

Market Intelligence Research Note: Elections & Policy Outlook (Q4 2025)

Analysis of high-volume prediction markets reveals a dominant narrative of political and institutional stability extending into 2026, juxtaposed with aggressive positioning on long-term political and sports outcomes.

SimpleFunctions Research
SF/RESEARCH

Key Takeaways

  • Near-term economic and institutional stability is priced with over 95% certainty (Fed on hold, no recession, Powell stays).
  • Political risk is exceptionally elevated, with a 50/50 market view on President Trump completing the year in office.
  • Massive speculative volume in long-dated sports markets, notably a 75% probability for an Indiana CFP title, suggests either advanced information or significant sentiment-driven inefficiency.
  • Actionable strategies include exploring political-economic correlated trades, arbitraging sports market discrepancies, and selling volatility around high-conviction Fed outcomes.

Executive Summary & Key Takeaways

A synthesis of ten high-volume prediction markets (>$4.7M each) points to a consensus view of remarkable near-term stability in U.S. political and economic institutions through the end of 2025 and into early 2026. Markets price a 96% probability of no Federal Reserve rate hike in January 2026, a 99% probability that Jerome Powell remains Chair, and a 99% probability the U.S. avoids a recession in 2025. This placid baseline is sharply contrasted by a highly active political narrative, with a 50% probability priced for a potential exit of Donald Trump from office before January 2026 and significant speculation on future Fed leadership. Simultaneously, enormous speculative volume in long-dated sports championships, particularly a 75% implied likelihood for an Indiana College Football Playoff title, suggests either profound market inefficiency or extreme early positioning on dynastic shifts. The aggregate trading volume of $76.0M across these markets indicates deep liquidity and significant capital commitment to these narratives.

Detailed Market Analysis & Implications

1. Political Stability & Leadership (Markets: 'Donald Trump out this year?', 'Powell leaves before 2026?')

The 50.0% probability on Kalshi for 'Donald Trump out this year?' (with $9.8M volume) is the most politically significant signal in this dataset. This market resolves to 'Yes' if President Trump leaves office before January 1, 2026. A coin-flip probability at this stage of a presidential term is historically anomalous and implies a market-perceived material risk of a non-electoral exit. Historical context: Impeachment probabilities for presidents in their first term have rarely breached 30% in prediction markets outside acute crisis periods. The 50% level suggests traders are pricing in a confluence of risks—health, resignation under pressure, or successful invocation of the 25th Amendment—that are deemed collectively as likely as not. For traders, this creates a volatility bubble around political catalysts (e.g., congressional investigations, medical bulletins, cabinet turnover). A move above 60% would signal a crisis escalation; a drop below 40% would indicate market confidence in term completion.

Juxtaposed with this is the 'Powell leaves before 2026?' market at a mere 1.0% probability ($6.4M volume), resolving if he departs before December 31, 2025. This near-certainty of continuity underscores a market belief in Federal Reserve independence and institutional stability, even amid political turbulence. The divergence between the 50% Trump exit risk and the 1% Powell exit risk is stark, suggesting traders view potential political upheaval as executive-specific, not systemic to independent agencies.

2. Economic Policy & Outlook (Markets: 'Will the Fed Hike rates by 0bps...', 'Will there be a recession in 2025?')

Markets project a near-complete Fed pause. The 96.0% probability of a 0bps hike in January 2026 ($6.4M volume) reflects an expectation of a sustained holding pattern, likely due to a benign inflation-growth trade-off. This is one of the highest-conviction views in the set. The complementary 1.0% probability on a 2025 recession ($4.7M volume) reinforces this soft-landing narrative. Historically, markets have overestimated recession risk; the current 1% reading is exceptionally low, rivaling pre-pandemic 2020 levels. Traders should watch for catalysts that could shift this consensus: a sudden spike in energy prices, a resurgence of inflation forcing hawkish Fed rhetoric, or a sharp deterioration in employment data. The asymmetry is high: even a modest increase in recession probability from 1% to 10% would represent a tenfold re-pricing and significant move in correlated asset classes.

3. Future Fed Leadership (Market: 'Will Trump next nominate Kevin Hassett as Fed Chair?')

At 38.0% ($5.0M volume), this market indicates Kevin Hassett is viewed as a frontrunner, but not a shoo-in, for the next Fed Chair nomination (by Jan 20, 2029). Hassett, former CEA Chair under Trump, represents a potential shift toward a more explicitly political and dovish Fed leadership. The probability suggests traders believe Trump, if in a position to nominate, would favor a loyalist economist. However, the 62% implied probability for 'No' leaves room for other candidates (e.g., Judy Shelton, John Taylor, or an internal candidate like Chris Waller). This market will be a key leading indicator of perceived Fed independence. A rise above 50% would signal expectations of a more politicized appointment process.

4. Cryptocurrency Speculation (Market: 'How high will Bitcoin get this year?')

The market targeting $130,000 or above for Bitcoin within the year carries only a 1.0% probability ($9.7M volume). This indicates that while the $130k threshold is within the realm of possibility, it is considered a low-probability tail scenario for 2025. Given Bitcoin's historical volatility, a 1% probability is non-negligible and likely attracts option-like speculation. The high volume suggests significant trader interest in this upside strike. Current spot prices would need to approximately double. Catalysts for a re-pricing higher would include rapid ETF adoption, a sudden macro hedge demand, or regulatory clarity in major economies.

5. Long-Dated Sports Championships (Markets: Indiana CFP, San Francisco, LA R, New England Pro Football)

This cluster represents the most extreme probability assessments and highlights potential market inefficiencies or early information.

  • College Football (Indiana, 75.0%, $10.0M): A 75% probability for Indiana to win the College Football Playoff is extraordinary for any team, let alone a program not historically considered a perennial powerhouse. This implies the market has already priced in a near-dynastic season, potentially due to known information about recruiting classes, transfers, or scheduling. The $10M volume, the highest in this set, signals enormous conviction. For traders, this is a high-risk arbitrage opportunity: if credible preseason forecasts give Indiana significantly lower odds, a 'No' position may be attractive.
  • Professional Football (2026 Championship): The combined probabilities for the three named teams (San Francisco 6.0%, LA R 20.0%, New England 13.0%) sum to 39%. The remaining 'field' is thus implied at 61%. Los Angeles R (likely the Rams) is the favorite at 20%, but this is not a dominant position. The distribution suggests an open, competitive league outlook two seasons ahead. The volume ($9.6M, $7.3M, $7.1M) indicates balanced interest. These are classic long-dated, high-variance markets where early positions are taken on franchise trajectories.

Actionable Trading Insights & Strategy

  • Arbitrage & Relative Value: The stark contrast between the 1% recession probability and the 50% political exit probability presents a dislocation. If political turmoil severe enough to trigger a presidential exit occurs, a 2025 recession becomes far more likely than 1%. A paired trade—long 'Recession in 2025' / hedge other risk assets—could profit if these probabilities converge.
  • Fed Policy Curve: The 96% probability of a January 2026 hold is a high-conviction anchor. Selling volatility (i.e., taking the 'No' side) on markets for hikes or cuts in adjacent meetings may offer attractive, low-risk premium.
  • Political Event Hedge: The 50% on 'Trump out' is a pure binary volatility play. Traders with a view that risks are overblown should sell at or above 50%. Those concerned about tail-risk political events can use this market as a direct hedge against equity portfolio downside.
  • Sports Market Inefficiency: The Indiana CFP market at 75% demands scrutiny against traditional sportsbook odds, which rarely exceed 60% for any team preseason. If a material discrepancy exists, it represents a prime cross-venue arbitrage opportunity.
  • Catalyst Calendar: Key dates to watch include: 1) Q4 2025 GDP advance release (for recession market), 2) Any presidential medical or political crisis developments, 3) Fed Chair Powell's post-meeting press conferences for any hint of departure, 4) College football preseason rankings and NFL draft/off-season moves.

Risk Factors & Caveats

  • Market Structure: All data is from Kalshi, a U.S.-based exchange. Liquidity, while high, is concentrated. Large trades can move probabilities significantly, especially in less-liquid subsidiary markets.
  • Time Horizon Disparity: Markets resolve across different timeframes (end of 2025, Jan 2026, Jan 2029). Probabilities are not directly comparable without adjusting for time value and the resolution horizon.
  • Sentiment Over Information: High-volume sports markets, in particular, may reflect fan-driven sentiment or coordinated social media action rather than analytical forecasting.
  • Black Swan Events: The low-probability markets (Bitcoin $130k, recession) are priced for tail events. Their probabilities are sensitive to unforeseen catalysts and can jump rapidly.
  • Political Market Nuance: 'Trump out' could be triggered by multiple pathways (resignation, removal, death). The market does not distinguish between them, making the 50% a composite of heterogeneous risks.

Conclusion & Desk View

The Elections Desk interprets this data as painting a market picture of 'Stable Systems, Unstable Actors.' Institutional frameworks (the Fed, the economy) are priced for continuity, while the political executive is seen as a high-volatility variable. The enormous volume in long-dated sports suggests that prediction markets are increasingly used for high-stakes, speculative entertainment hedging, not just political-economic forecasting.

The highest-confidence trades implied by the data are the continuation of the Fed pause (96%) and Powell's tenure (99%). The most contentious and actionable market is the 50% probability on a Trump exit, which offers a direct, liquid instrument for trading U.S. political risk. Finally, the Indiana CFP market stands as an outlier demanding fundamental verification; it may represent the single largest potential mispricing in this dataset.

Recommendation Priority: 1) Verify sports odds divergence for arbitrage. 2) Structure a paired trade linking political exit risk to recession risk. 3) Use the high-probability Fed stability markets as anchor legs in more complex strategy packages.


Prepared by the Elections Desk, Prediction Markets Intelligence. Data sourced from Kalshi as of latest close. This note is for institutional client analysis and does not constitute investment advice.

Market Analysis

Donald Trump out this year? šŸ“ˆ

Current Probability: 50.0%

The 50% probability is the most politically significant signal, indicating a market-perceived material risk of a non-electoral exit. Historically anomalous for a first-term president outside a crisis.

Will the Fed Hike rates by 0bps in Jan 2026? šŸ“‰

Current Probability: 96.0%

A near-unanimous expectation of a Fed pause, reflecting confidence in a sustained holding pattern and a soft economic landing.

Will Indiana win the CFP National Championship? šŸ“ˆ

Current Probability: 75.0%

An extraordinarily high probability for any single sports team, suggesting extreme market conviction or potential mispricing relative to fundamental odds.