Research NoteDESK/POLICY_&_TECH_DESK

Policy & Tech Desk Research Note: Volatility in Political Futures Drives Record Volumes Amid Economic Calm

Markets signal deep uncertainty on Trump administration stability, while economic indicators remain sanguine, creating asymmetric opportunities.

SimpleFunctions Research
SF/RESEARCH

Key Takeaways

  • A 50% probability of President Trump leaving office in 2025 is the dominant, high-volume anomaly driving market attention, suggesting priced-in political crisis.
  • Macroeconomic stability is the consensus view, with recession and aggressive Fed cutting seen as remote (1-6%), creating potential value in contrarian economic hedge positions.
  • Federal Reserve Chair Powell's position is seen as exceptionally secure (1% exit risk), indicating a market belief in strong institutional independence even amid political turmoil.
  • High-volume Bitcoin and sports markets provide liquidity but represent distinct, non-correlated speculative assets versus the core political-economic bets.

Executive Summary

The current prediction market landscape, as captured by the top ten Kalshi markets by volume, presents a stark dichotomy between extreme political volatility and remarkable economic and policy stability. Markets are collectively wagering over $58.2 million, with the single dominant theme being the durability of a second Trump administration. The ‘Trump out this year?’ market, trading at a coin-flip 50.0% probability with $9.8M in volume, anchors the entire risk landscape. This stands in dramatic contrast to consistently low probabilities assigned to Federal Reserve leadership changes (Powell out: 1.0%), recession in 2025 (1.0%), and significant Fed rate cuts (2 cuts: 6.0%). This divergence suggests traders perceive a political environment fraught with binary, high-impact tail risks, while the macroeconomic and institutional policy backdrop is seen as relatively steady. The high-volume sports markets (Philadelphia Eagles and LA Rams Super Bowl odds) and bitcoin speculative markets provide liquidity and volatility plays, but the core narrative is one of political risk premium.

Deep Dive: The 50/50 Bet on Presidential Continuity

Market: Donald Trump out this year? (Prob: 50.0%, Volume: $9.8M)

The 50.0% probability, equivalent to implied odds, is an extraordinary signal for an incumbent president in his first year of a term. Historically, such markets for sitting presidents (e.g., ‘Biden out in 2022?’) rarely exceeded 10-15% absent acute health or impeachment crises. This level indicates the market is pricing in a near-term event with a catastrophic impact on political stability.

Catalysts & Risk Factors:

  1. Health & Age: Trump’s age (78) is a persistent, non-political risk factor. Any serious health event would immediately spike the ‘Yes’ probability.
  2. Legal & Constitutional Crises: The market is likely pricing in scenarios ranging from incapacitation to resignation under pressure from ongoing legal challenges or a contentious impeachment process driven by a potentially unified opposition in Congress.
  3. Voluntary Departure: While historically near-zero for presidents, the unique nature of this administration makes this a non-zero factor.

Actionable Insight: The 50% level acts as a pivotal equilibrium. A move above 60% would signal the market is beginning to price in a specific, imminent catalyst. A drop below 40% suggests fading of near-term fears. Traders should monitor political headlines, congressional committee actions, and official White House medical bulletins for directional catalysts. This market likely exhibits high sensitivity to news flow, creating short-term trading opportunities around event risk.

Federal Reserve & Economic Policy: A Portrait of Perceived Stability

Markets: Powell leaves before 2026? (Prob: 1.0%, Vol: $6.4M); Will the Fed cut rates 2 times? (Prob: 6.0%, Vol: $4.6M); Recession in 2025? (Prob: 1.0%, Vol: $4.4M)

This cluster of markets paints a coherent picture of expected macroeconomic and institutional stability. The minute 1.0% probability on Chair Powell’s departure before 2026 is a powerful vote of confidence in Fed independence and Powell’s own stance to serve his full term (until 2028). It suggests the market dismisses the possibility of Powell being pressured to resign or being removed, despite the high probability assigned to broader Trump administration volatility.

The ‘2 Fed cuts’ market at 6.0% probability, coupled with the 1.0% recession probability, indicates expectations for a ‘soft landing’ scenario with moderate, gradual easing. The market is effectively saying significant stimulus (100 bps of cuts) is unlikely because a recession requiring it is also unlikely.

Contradiction & Opportunity: The stark contrast between the 50% Trump exit risk and 1% Powell exit risk is analytically fascinating. It implies traders believe a political storm severe enough to remove a president would not destabilize the central bank’s leadership—a bet on institutional resilience. The low probability in the rate cut market presents a potential asymmetric opportunity. If leading economic indicators (e.g., jobs, PMI) deteriorate faster than expected, the probability of 50 bps of cuts could rise sharply from 6%, offering significant upside for ‘Yes’ positions entered at current levels.

Personnel Risk: The Hassett Fed Chair Scenario

Market: Will Trump next nominate Kevin Hassett as Fed Chair? (Prob: 38.0%, Vol: $5.0M)

This is a critical derivative market of the ‘Powell leaves’ contract. With Powell’s departure priced at 1%, the 38% probability for Hassett seems incongruous. This suggests the market is looking beyond Powell’s current term, which ends in May 2028. The ‘next nominate’ condition could be triggered if Powell finishes his term and Trump (or a successor) nominates a replacement in 2028 for the next term.

Kevin Hassett, former Trump CEA chair and a known economist with dovish tendencies, is seen as a plausible candidate for a future Trump Fed. The 38% probability indicates he is the clear frontrunner among known personalities for such a hypothetical future vacancy. However, this probability may be inflated by the specificity of the contract; a generic ‘Next Fed Chair’ market would likely spread probability across multiple candidates.

Actionable Insight: This market is a long-dated, low-liquidity political bet. The 38% is high enough to suggest crowding. Negative commentary from Trump towards Hassett, or the emergence of another favored economist (e.g., Judy Shelton, Larry Kudlow), could rapidly deflate this probability. It is a high-risk, binary play on personnel politics with a long time horizon.

Bitcoin & Sports: Volatility and Speculative Hedges

Markets: Bitcoin to $130k+ (Prob: 1.0%, Vol: $9.7M); Bitcoin to $150k+ (Prob: 1.0%, Vol: $4.6M); Philadelphia Eagles (Prob: 10.0%, Vol: $5.6M); LA Rams (Prob: 14.0%, Vol: $4.2M)

The Bitcoin markets, despite their 1% probabilities, attract immense volume ($14.3M combined). This reflects the highly speculative, lottery-ticket nature of crypto trading. Participants are paying a large premium for the remote chance of a parabolic, >2x move from current levels (~$60k-70k). These markets act as cheap out-of-the-money call options and are sensitive to crypto-specific catalysts (ETF inflows, regulatory news, halving cycle effects).

The NFL championship markets are classic high-volume seasonal speculative assets. The probabilities (Eagles 10%, Rams 14%) are roughly in line with early sportsbook futures for top contenders. The Rams, with a recent Super Bowl win and star quarterback, are logically priced as a slight favorite over the Eagles in this market. These markets provide liquidity and are largely uncorrelated to political and economic events, offering diversification for market-makers and bettors.

Structural Policy: The Education Department Wildcard

Market: Department of Education eliminated before Jan 1, 2026? (Prob: 1.0%, Vol: $3.9M)

This is a pure policy conviction market. While eliminating a Cabinet department has been a rhetorical goal for some conservatives, the 1% probability accurately reflects the immense procedural hurdles: requiring congressional legislation that would likely face a filibuster in the Senate. The $3.9M volume indicates strong interest from ideologically motivated traders betting on a long-shot political outcome.

Catalyst: The only realistic path to ‘Yes’ would be a unified Republican government (White House, House, Senate) with the elimination as a top legislative priority and the willingness to alter Senate rules. The current 50% ‘Trump out’ probability indirectly lowers this market’s chances further, as political capital would be consumed by crisis management. This market is likely to remain near 1-5% unless a clear legislative strategy emerges.

Integrated Trading Strategy & Conclusions

The current market structure offers several strategic inferences:

  1. Hedge Political Volatility with Institutional Stability: The disparity between the Trump exit risk (50%) and Powell exit risk (1%) allows for a pairs-like view. Believers in systemic stability could short the ‘Trump out’ market while going long on ‘Powell out,’ betting on a convergence of perceived institutional risk.
  2. Capitalize on Economic Complacency: The extremely low probabilities for recession (1%) and meaningful Fed cuts (6%) present attractive, cheap hedge opportunities for portfolios sensitive to economic downturn. A modest deterioration in data could cause these probabilities to jump multiplicatively.
  3. Monitor Political Catalysts for Directional Plays: The ‘Trump out’ market is the primary volatility engine. Trading ranges will be news-driven. Establishing a base position (long or short) with tight stop-losses around the 50% pivot is a high-risk, high-reward strategy.
  4. Treat Personnel Markets as Low-Probability Options: The Hassett market (38%) is rich relative to its long timeline and binary outcome. It may be more efficient to seek value in selling this probability (i.e., betting ‘No’) rather than buying it.

Conclusion: Prediction markets are signaling a profound dislocation between political and economic risk perceptions. The overwhelming focus on the stability of the executive branch, priced as a literal coin toss, overshadows a consensus view of steady economic management. This creates a fragmented opportunity set: high-volume, news-sensitive political binary bets alongside cheap, longer-dated economic hedges. Traders must decide which narrative—political upheaval or economic resilience—will dominate the price discovery process in the coming months.

Market Analysis

Trump out this year? ➡️

Current Probability: 50.0%

The pivotal market. A 50% probability is unsustainable for long; expect volatile swings based on health, legal, and political headlines. Acts as a barometer for overall political risk premium.

Recession in 2025? 📈

Current Probability: 1.0%

Extreme complacency. Probability has negligible room to fall but significant room to rise on data deterioration. Functions as a cheap portfolio hedge.

Fed cuts 2 times? 📈

Current Probability: 6.0%

Implies a slow, shallow easing cycle. Offers asymmetric upside if economic weakness appears sooner or is deeper than currently expected.

Powell leaves before 2026? 📉

Current Probability: 1.0%

Price suggests near-certainty of institutional stability. A safe-haven asset within the political risk landscape. Major catalyst would require a direct, unprecedented political attack.